Interference is the confusion of one piece of information with another or the suppression of one in favor of another that was processed about the same time (as might happen, for example, if a student takes a Spanish lesson one period and a French lesson the next). It has been suggested that memory is stored in memory traces, which disappear when not used for a long time. Reconstruction: rebuilding of a scenario from certain remembered detailsĭecay is loss of information from memory as a consequence of die passage of time and lack of use. Recognition: identification of previously learned information (as, for example from a number of answer choices in a multiple‐choice test) Paired associate recall: recall of a second item based on a cue supplied by a first item
USING NOTES FOR MEMORY LOSS SERIAL
Serial recall: recall of items in the order in which they were learned recall: remembering of previously learned informationįree recall: recall of items in any order.
(And as would be expected, given the primacy and recency effects, syllables near the beginning or end of a list are recalled best.) When graphed, the effect of practice results in a U‐shaped curve.
Ebbinghaus also found that the more an individual rehearses a list of syllables, the better the syllables are recalled. Practice, both massed and distributed over time, also affects relearning forgotten material. He found that most forgetting occurs during the first nine hours after learning. Hermann Ebbinghaus studied the relationship between ease of relearning (called savings) and the time between learning and relearning, which he expressed as a forgetting curve (Figure ). Memory Loss: Forgetting Forgetting is the loss or failure of memory.